The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has stepped in after reports surfaced of menstruation women and new mothers being confined to secluded huts in rural Karnataka. This move was sparked by a media story about the circumstances of a 19-year-old new mother in Tumakuru. The woman was sent to a hut with no basic amenities, in accordance with local tradition, which requires menstruation women and new moms to dwell in separate huts. The NHRC has issued a notice to Karnataka's Chief Secretary, asking for a detailed report within four weeks. The report should include information on the prevalence of such behaviors, as well as the government's efforts to address the issue. The NHRC further ordered the government to perform rigorous inspections and eliminate this barbaric practice, known locally as 'Gaokor' or 'Kurma.' This move followed a similar instance in 2013 involving Scheduled Tribe women in Maharashtra, in which the state government pledged to end the practice. The recent notification from the NHRC emphasizes the importance of taking immediate and effective action to protect the human rights of women who have been subjected to such humiliating behaviors.

Menstrual hygiene products, notably disposable sanitary pads, have significantly improved the lives of millions of women in India, providing protection against infections and eliminating the discomfort of older techniques such as cloth or leaves. However, these gains come at a high environmental cost. Every year, India discards about 12 billion sanitary napkins, the most of which are not biodegradable. These items, which are primarily produced from polypropylene and superabsorbent polymer powder, accumulate in landfills, clog sewer systems, and pollute water bodies and fields. Once discarded, a sanitary pad has a long-term impact on the environment. In landfills, these pads do not degrade, resulting in long-term contamination and resource depletion. The synthetic components used in these items can be harmful to wildlife and disturb natural ecosystems.On World Menstrual Hygiene Day, celebrated annually on May 28, it is crucial to recognize the ecological footprint of sanitary pads and explore sustainable alternatives. To address this pressing issue, there is a need for increased awareness about eco-friendly menstrual products such as biodegradable pads, menstrual cups, and reusable cloth pads. Encouraging the use of these alternatives can significantly reduce the environmental burden. Additionally, implementing proper disposal and waste management systems for menstrual products can mitigate their ecological impact.

A recent study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health indicates that the average age of menarche—the first menstrual period—has reduced among younger generations in the United States, particularly among racial minorities and low-income persons. This study was published on May 29 in JAMA Network Open as part of the Apple Women's Health Study.The study, led by Shruthi Mahalingaiah, found that younger generations are experiencing menarche earlier, with participants born from 2000-2005 having an average menarche age of 11.9 years, compared to 12.5 years for those born from 1950-1969. Additionally, the time it takes for menstrual cycles to become regular has increased, with only 56% of the younger group achieving regularity within two years, down from 76%.The data, collected from 71,341 participants, reveals significant changes among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and low-income persons. According to the researchers, childhood obesity, dietary patterns, psychological stress, and environmental influences may all play a role in these developments. Corresponding author Zifan Wang stressed the need of ongoing study into early menarche and its causes, adding that it is associated with an increased risk of negative health consequences such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The study emphasizes the importance of increased funding in menstrual health research to address emerging public health concerns, particularly among disadvantaged communities.

In a pioneering move, the Sikkim High Court has introduced a menstrual leave policy for its women employees, marking a first for any High Court in India. Announced on May 27, the policy allows women employees in the registry to avail themselves of "2-3 days of menstrual leave" each month. Notably, this leave will not be deducted from the employee's overall leave balance and requires prior recommendation from the High Court's Medical Officer.The Sikkim High Court, the smallest in India, has only three judges and nine registry officers, including one woman. Despite its size, this policy sets a significant precedent, highlighting the importance of addressing menstrual health in the workplace.Currently, India lacks a national policy on menstrual leave. In February 2023, the Supreme Court refused to hear a petition advocating for menstrual leave for students and working women, deeming it a policy matter best addressed by the government. Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud suggested the petitioner take the matter to the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development. In December 2023, Minister of Women and Child Development Smriti Irani opposed the idea of menstrual leave. She emphasized that menstruation should not be viewed as a handicap and expressed concerns about potential discrimination, noting that equal opportunities should not be influenced by differing views on menstruation.In the same month, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare drafted a Menstrual Hygiene policy suggesting work-from-home options or support leave to prevent discrimination against women. The Sikkim High Court's policy is a significant step towards recognizing and accommodating women's health needs in the workplace, potentially paving the way for broader national discussions and policies on menstrual health.

Whisper India has launched a bold new campaign featuring billboards nationwide that display an image of a girl hiding her period stain. The campaign aims to highlight the common practice among women of concealing period stains, addressing the stigma and discomfort associated with menstruation. By bringing this issue into the public eye, Whisper India seeks to foster a more open conversation about menstrual health and challenge societal taboos surrounding periods.

The Union Education Ministry has issued an advisory to ensure the availability of free sanitary pads at all Class 10 and 12 board examination centers across India. The directive aims to provide girls with essential hygiene products during exams and allows necessary restroom breaks to manage menstrual needs. This initiative, covering all schools under states and Union Territories, CBSE, KVS, and NVS, seeks to support girls' wellbeing and academic performance by addressing menstrual hygiene. The ministry also emphasized the implementation of awareness programs to reduce stigma and create a supportive school environment, thereby empowering female students to participate confidently in examinations.

The Supreme Court of India has declined to consider a plea for mandatory menstrual leave for female students and working women, expressing concern that such a mandate could discourage employers from hiring women. Instead, the court has urged the Centre and state governments to develop a model policy on the issue. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud, leading the bench, emphasized that policy formulation is the government's responsibility, not the judiciary's. While acknowledging that menstrual leave could boost women's workforce participation, he cautioned that protective measures might inadvertently disadvantage women. This decision followed a petition by advocate Shailendra Mani Tripathi, who had sought government action on the matter after receiving no response to his representation submitted in May 2023.

As summer temperatures rise, women must exercise particular caution since severe heat can have a negative influence on menstruation health. Dr. Vinutha G, a senior consultant gynaecologist at Athreya Super Speciality Hospitals in Bengaluru, discusses how heatwaves can disturb hormonal balance and worsen menstruation symptoms. Extreme heat causes physical stress, which raises cortisol levels and inhibits the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This disruption alters the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), affecting ovulation and menstrual regularity. Furthermore, dehydration during heatwaves might disrupt menstrual flow and cycle regularity by reducing blood volume and circulation. To counteract these effects, Dr. Vinutha suggests remaining hydrated by drinking 8-10 glasses of water per day, eating a balanced diet rich in hydrating foods like watermelon and cucumber, staying in cool places, and engaging in moderate activity such as yoga or swimming. These strategies can help women keep their menstrual health during the summer heat.Common menstruation symptoms including cramps, tiredness, and bloating can exacerbate in hot weather. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances worsen cramps, while heat exacerbates fatigue and water retention, causing discomfort.

"Doctor, what are periods?" wonders Jiya, the 9-year-old protagonist of the comic book Menstrupedia. This instructional resource explains menstruation to youngsters using captivating stories and emphasizes key hygienic practices such as handwashing before and after using sanitary pads. Farheen Naaz, a menstrual educator, promotes Menstrupedia as the "encyclopedia of periods." She utilizes it to teach children about menstruation hygiene in a pleasant and engaging manner. The book features Characters Mira, Pinki, and Doctor Priya, who teaches the girls about menstruation. The NDTV - Dettol Banega Swachh India campaign, led by Campaign Ambassador Ayushmann Khurrana, envisions a clean and healthy India. Since 2014, the campaign has stressed the interdependence of humans and the environment, with the theme "One Health, One Planet, One Future - Leaving No One Behind." It emphasizes the importance of health care, particularly for disadvantaged communities, and the necessity for WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) practices following COVID-19. The advertisement also covers more general concerns such as air pollution, trash management, and menstrual hygiene. It is consistent with the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which aims to attain open defecation-free status and eradicate diseases, ultimately contributing to a healthier India.

In today's fast-paced society, women frequently strive to be super women.' However, neglecting self-care can cause stress, which can have an affect on both menstruation and mental health. Chronic neglect affects hormonal balance, resulting in agonizing cramps, heavy bleeding, and dangerous illnesses. In her book "Menstruation: Moon, Men, and More," Nirmala Gowda Nayak promotes a holistic approach to menstruation and self-care. Prioritizing self-care promotes physical and emotional well-being, helping women to excel in their roles without compromising their health. The essential self-care routines include: Awareness: Early identification of health concerns is key. Monitoring bodily changes and understanding family history can help address disorders early. Physical Exercise: Engage in regular exercise like yoga, swimming, or walking. WHO recommends 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly for adults. Sleep: Aim for 6-8 hours of deep sleep to support overall health and reduce stress. Nutrition: Consume fresh, organic foods rich in macro and micronutrients. Avoid stress eating and maintain a balanced diet. Supplements: Use natural, plant-derived supplements under medical guidance to replenish essential nutrients. By prioritizing self-care, women can prevent hormonal imbalances, nutrient deficiencies, and maintain optimal menstrual health, enabling them to excel in their endeavors.

In 2024, menstruation remained stigmatized in India, with deep-rooted cultural taboos characterizing it as 'filthy' or 'impure'. Swara Patel, the creator of The Period Society, works relentlessly to dispel these myths. "Discussing my first period was taboo in my family," Swara recounts. "Some friends are forbidden from entering the kitchen while menstruating, and neighbors isolate themselves, accepting food through closed doors."This stigma fosters shame and prevents essential conversations about women’s health, hindering the goal of achieving gender equality (SDG 5). Swara founded The Period Society in 2019 to combat this. Her organization promotes menstrual equity and fights period poverty by educating youth and distributing eco-friendly period products.“Education empowers individuals to take charge of their health,” Swara states. “It’s crucial for achieving period equity, especially since many lack access to menstrual health information.”A 2016 study found nearly half of the 100,000 Indian girls surveyed were unaware of menstruation until their first period, often thinking they were seriously ill. The lack of education, coupled with taboos, deepens the shame and perpetuates period poverty.To combat misinformation, Swara advocates for medically verified sex education in schools and amplifying public health experts' voices. Her tips for eliminating menstrual stigma include taking women's pain seriously, improving access to reproductive care, and mandating comprehensive sex education.By prioritizing education and healthcare access, Swara and The Period Society strive to create a more informed and equitable society for all menstruators.

Are you curious about switching to menstrual cups? Despite being introduced in the 1930s, menstrual cups have gained popularity recently, largely due to environmental concerns. However, many are hesitant to switch due to unfamiliarity with reusable products. A menstrual cup is a small, flexible silicone device inserted into the vagina to collect menstrual flow. According to Dr. Evonne Ong of Family Planning Australia, there are two main shapes: a bell-shaped cup with a short stem for retrieval and a disc-shaped cup with a tail or string for removal. Unlike cups, discs do not create suction and generally hold more blood. Both options offer unique benefits and ease of use. Dr. Phoebe Holdenson Kimura from the University of Sydney emphasizes that there’s no pressure to switch if you’re happy with your current period products. “It's a good thing women have more choice,” she says, acknowledging that many women prefer pads and that’s perfectly fine. Menstrual cups offer several advantages. They are reusable for up to 10 years, making them an environmentally friendly option. The upfront cost ranges from $20 to $55, which, over time, proves more cost-effective than disposable products. Additionally, disc-shaped versions allow for vaginal penetration during intercourse, unlike tampons. To insert a menstrual cup, wash your hands, relax your pelvic floor, and compress the cup for easier insertion. Once inside, the cup unfolds and forms a seal to prevent leakage. It might take some trial and error to find the right fit and position. Cups should be changed every 8-12 hours, depending on the heaviness of your flow. Cleaning is simple: remove, empty, rinse with water, and reinsert. Cups should be sterilized before first use and before each period. While there’s a minimal risk of infection, cups don’t pose a greater risk than other menstrual products. For those with an intrauterine device (IUD), be cautious during removal to avoid dislodging it. Despite some concerns about irritation or suitability for women with pelvic pain, menstrual cups are a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical alternative to traditional menstrual products.

Menstruation in India is often shrouded in stigma and taboo, with societal norms encouraging women to hide their periods and feel ashamed of this natural process. Amidst this backdrop, the Raja festival in Odisha stands out as a celebration that honors menstruation. Raja Parba, also known as Mithuna Sankranti, marks the onset of the monsoon season and celebrates the feminine aspects of the earth. The festival’s name is derived from "Rajaswala," meaning "menstruating woman." It is believed that Bhudevi, the personification of Earth, undergoes menstruation during these three days in mid-June. The festival unfolds over three days: Pahili Raja, Raja Sankranti, and Basi Raja, with the fourth day, Vasumati Snana, symbolizing Bhudevi’s ritual bath and the end of her menstrual cycle. During Raja Parba, women in Odisha refrain from physical labor, dress in new clothes, adorn themselves with traditional jewelry, and apply aalta on their feet, symbolizing their connection to the earth. They engage in singing folk songs, playing indoor games, and swinging on decorated rope swings. This celebration acknowledges and honors their natural biological process, teaching young girls that menstruation is not something to be hidden or ashamed of, but rather a natural and revered aspect of life. Similar festivals in other Indian states, such as Manjal Neerattu Vizha in Tamil Nadu and Ritu Kala Samskara in Karnataka, celebrate the onset of puberty in girls, further challenging the menstrual stigma.Raja Parba’s celebration of menstruation offers a refreshing contrast to the prevailing negative perceptions, emphasizing that menstruation is a vital and respected part of life, much like the fertility of the earth it symbolizes. This acknowledgment from the community serves as an important lesson in embracing natural bodily processes without shame.

Odisha’s Raja festival, celebrating the onset of monsoon, uniquely honors menstruation and womanhood. But can it really change mindsets and break taboos, or is the revelry just skin-deep? Raja Parba, known for its vivid celebrations, marks the earth's fertility as Mother Earth, or Bhudevi, is believed to undergo menstruation. This festival halts agricultural activities, symbolizing respect for the earth. Women wear new clothes, enjoy festive foods like Poda Pitha, and partake in games, celebrating their connection to the earth. However, the celebration's true impact on societal views about menstruation remains questionable. A 2022 report by PHFI-IIPH with UNICEF and the Odisha government found that 46.9% of the population did not know about menstruation before menarche. Many girls experience fear, embarrassment, or guilt during their first period, reflecting deep-rooted ignorance and stigma.In Odisha, while the Raja festival halts daily work to honor menstruation, many Indian women face harsh realities. They often lack basic menstrual health and hygiene resources, leading to infections and school dropouts. Cultural taboos force women to isolate during their periods, reflecting a contradiction between celebration and everyday treatment. Annual festivals like Ambubachi Mela in Assam also honor menstruation, yet they don't seem to improve the real plight of women. Patriarchal norms continue to control and shame women, treating them as second-class citizens during menstruation. Despite its celebratory nature, Raja fails to address the deep-seated stigma surrounding menstruation. True progress would involve using such festivals to educate and empower women, spreading awareness about menstrual health and hygiene. Remembering the joyous Raja celebrations of my childhood, I now recognize the missed opportunities for education and empowerment. It’s time to extend the dignity and reverence given to divine feminine symbols to the real women experiencing menstruation, breaking taboos and fostering respect and understanding.

The Karnataka government has initiated consultations to introduce one-day paid menstrual leave for women working in factories, IT, garment sectors, and multinational companies. This move aims to address gender-sensitive labor policies, given the significant female workforce in these sectors. The consultation committee includes legal and medical experts, psychologists, industry representatives, trade unions, and Labour Department officials. This progressive step towards gender-sensitive labor policies follows a national debate on menstrual leave, sparked by former Union Minister Smriti Irani's opposition in the Rajya Sabha in December 2023. Irani argued that such leave could lead to discrimination against women employees, prompting widespread backlash. Women activists view Karnataka's move as a positive step towards acknowledging and addressing the unique needs of women in the workforce. The provision of menstrual leave is seen as a way to support women's health and well-being, potentially setting a precedent for other states to follow.

In a groundbreaking move, Noise has introduced new features for its Luna Ring aimed at revolutionizing women's health tracking. This latest update provides personalized insights and predictions regarding menstrual health, catering to the diverse needs of women with varying menstrual patterns. The women's health sector faces significant challenges, particularly concerning menstrual health. Issues such as irregular periods, PCOS, and other menstrual-related conditions often go unnoticed or unaddressed due to inadequate education and societal stigmas. A recent survey by Noise revealed alarming statistics: while 82% of women acknowledge experiencing menstrual health issues, less than 7% have received proper education on these matters, highlighting a significant gap in access to accurate information. Furthermore, the survey highlighted discomfort among women in discussing menstrual issues with their families (26.3%) and a lack of understanding about menstrual health among men (68.1%). Additionally, 71% of women perceive menstruation as a taboo topic in academic institutions and workplaces. Crucially, the survey found that 35% of obese women have PCOS as an underlying concern, often overlooked by conventional health tracking methods.

Menstrual Hygiene Day, observed annually on May 28, aims to raise public awareness about the importance of menstrual health, the correct use of menstrual products, and dispelling myths that can lead to significant health issues for menstruating individuals. Discrimination and inequality often limit access to sanitary napkins and toilets for women, adolescent girls, transgender men, and non-binary people, contributing to poor menstrual hygiene and related health problems, including stress and anxiety. This observance encourages people to overcome period-related challenges, empowering them to manage their sexual and reproductive health effectively. By promoting knowledge about the menstrual cycle and advocating for the use of menstrual hygiene products, Menstrual Hygiene Day helps prevent various illnesses and fosters gender parity. UNICEF supports governments in developing national plans that incorporate menstrual health and hygiene into sectors like health and education, aiming to create equitable conditions for all. The theme for Menstrual Hygiene Day 2024 is "Together for a #PeriodFriendlyWorld," envisioning a world where menstruation stigma and taboos are eliminated, and everyone has access to the products, education, and infrastructure they need for a healthy period.

In the western Indian state of Maharashtra, the traditional practice of banishing women and girls to "period huts" during menstruation is undergoing a transformation. Thanks to the efforts of the Mumbai-based charity, Kherwadi Social Welfare Association (KSWA), these dilapidated huts, known as kurma ghar or gaokor, are being replaced with modern resting homes equipped with essential facilities like beds, indoor toilets, running water, and solar panels for electricity. While this initiative signifies progress in improving the living conditions of menstruating women, it also highlights the urgent need to address the stigma surrounding menstruation. Critics argue that dismantling these period huts entirely would be a more effective strategy, as they perpetuate the marginalization of women based on a natural bodily function. However, campaigners emphasize that these huts provide women with a safe space, even in the face of ongoing period-shaming. In India, menstruation has long been a taboo subject, with menstruating women subjected to social and religious restrictions. They are often considered impure and excluded from participating in social and religious activities, including entering temples, shrines, and kitchens. However, the situation for women from the Gond and Madia tribes in Gadchiroli district is particularly severe. Traditionally, women from these tribes are required to spend five days each month in isolated huts located on the outskirts of their villages. During this time, they are prohibited from cooking or accessing water sources within the village. Instead, they rely on food and water brought to them by female relatives. Any contact with men is strictly avoided, as it is believed to render them impure by association.

Period stigma, though prevalent today, has a long history steeped in cultural beliefs and societal norms. From ancient civilizations to modern innovations, the perception of menstruation has evolved significantly, yet challenges persist. Let's delve into the historical and cultural journey of menstruation and its impact on society. Ancient Perceptions: In ancient times, menstruation was shrouded in mystery and superstition. With limited understanding of biology, ancient societies often associated menstruation with mystical powers and religious significance. Despite its significance, documentation about periods among ancient peoples is scarce, primarily due to male-dominated historical records. However, glimpses into ancient beliefs reveal a complex tapestry of myth and reality. In various cultures, menstruating women were revered for their perceived connection to lunar cycles and fertility. Pliny the Elder's writings portrayed menstruation as a potent force capable of influencing natural phenomena. Similarly, Mayan mythology attributed menstrual blood to divine punishment and mystical transformation. While menstruation held symbolic significance in ancient cultures, the practical aspects remain elusive. Historians speculate about the materials used for menstrual hygiene, ranging from cloth to plant-based remedies. However, concrete evidence is scarce, leaving much to conjecture. Medieval Interpretations: During the Middle Ages, menstruation continued to be shrouded in secrecy and religious shame. Dr. Sara Read's research sheds light on how medieval European women navigated menstruation, often resorting to rudimentary methods like rags or absorbing blood into clothing. Religious taboos further stigmatized menstruation, associating it with sin and impurity. In medieval Europe, women went to great lengths to conceal their menstrual cycles, resorting to herbal remedies and seclusion. Religious doctrines reinforced the notion of menstruation as a reminder of Eve's Original Sin, perpetuating shame and silence.

While India strides ahead in numerous social spheres, it still grapples with the profound issue of menstrual health and hygiene, particularly due to severe period poverty. Shockingly, UNICEF reports that only 13% of Indian girls are informed about menstruation before their first period. Additionally, infrastructure inadequacies and other challenges cause 60% of girls to miss school during their periods or drop out entirely. In some instances, girls lack access to proper restroom facilities, having to use toilets without doors or sharing them with boys, highlighting the urgent need for improvement in this area. Advaitesha Birla, Founder of Ujaas, emphasizes the critical need for menstrual health and hygiene education in India. She sheds light on the prevailing challenges and offers insights into potential solutions. Educational Initiatives: A staggering two-thirds of Indian women lack access to safe menstrual absorbents, resorting to unhygienic alternatives like mud, cloth, and leaves. This practice leads to recurrent infections and, in severe cases, infertility. Lack of clean restroom facilities further exacerbates the issue. Considering the economic constraints faced by many women, affordability of sanitary products remains a significant challenge. It is imperative to ensure that every woman has access to safe menstrual absorbents as a fundamental right. Cost-effective sanitary pads and reusable silicon cups can be promoted at subsidized rates. Training women in rural areas to manufacture cloth sanitary pads offers a sustainable solution, reducing costs and providing income opportunities. Awareness and Gender Equality: Period poverty is deeply intertwined with a lack of awareness about menstruation, perpetuating stigma and myths surrounding this natural biological process. Addressing these misconceptions and educating women about the physiological aspects of menstruation can empower them to manage their menstrual health effectively. Moreover, menstrual hygiene is often neglected due to gender inequality, with many men lacking basic understanding of menstruation. Normalizing discussions about menstrual health and hygiene through public campaigns and educational initiatives, akin to the 'Swachh Bharat' campaign, is essential to combatting period poverty. Community Engagement and Partnerships: Creating robust public-private partnerships is crucial in amplifying the reach and impact of menstrual health awareness programs. Government bodies, NGOs, and corporations must collaborate with grassroots organizations to implement sustainable interventions. Integrating menstrual health education into school curriculums and empowering communities through self-help groups can foster long-term change. Additionally, initiatives should be culturally sensitive, respecting local languages and indigenous cultures to effectively reach rural populations. In conclusion, addressing menstrual health inequities in India requires a holistic approach that encompasses education, awareness, and community engagement. By fostering a supportive ecosystem and empowering women, we can catalyze positive change and pave the way for a future where menstrual health and hygiene are prioritized and accessible to all.

Campaigners are highlighting the detrimental impact of shame surrounding periods on women's mental health. One woman, whose menstrual symptoms were misinterpreted as depression, has created her own social prescribing course. Meanwhile, two sisters leading the Love Your Period campaign stress the urgency of eliminating period taboos for young women. Molly Fenton, who developed Love Your Period, emphasizes the emotional, physical, and mental toll that embarrassment about periods can take on girls. She advocates for open conversations about menstrual health, lamenting the lack of education and discussion within families and schools. Initiatives like Love Your Period aim to normalize discussions about periods, particularly among young girls. Despite facing resistance, the sisters persist in their efforts to challenge societal norms and foster a culture of acceptance and understanding. Their work also aims to raise awareness about conditions like endometriosis and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which often go undiagnosed due to stigma and lack of understanding. Kate Shepherd Cohen, creator of a social prescription course, shares her journey of discovering the connection between her menstrual cycle and her mental well-being. By charting her cycle and understanding its patterns, she has learned to manage her symptoms effectively.

According to WASH United, an NGO focusing on menstrual hygiene and human rights, approximately 500 million women and girls lack access to safe and hygienic period management, perpetuating feelings of embarrassment and stigma. In response to this global challenge, young feminist activists worldwide are leading grassroots campaigns and social media initiatives to challenge taboos, gender inequality, and period poverty. At the Human Rights Council’s 50th Session in Geneva, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelet Bachelet, emphasized the vital role of activism in addressing menstrual health issues. She underscored the intersectional nature of menstrual experiences, highlighting how factors like age, gender, race, disability, and socioeconomic status shape individuals' experiences.

Sapna Palep vividly remembers the embarrassment and fear she felt discussing menstruation when she was younger. Now, as a 43-year-old mother of two, she sees her daughters, 9-year-old Aviana Campello-Palep and 8-year-old Anaya, approach the topic with refreshing openness and confidence. Inspired by their candid conversations, the family has launched Girls With Big Dreams, a line of undergarments for tweens, including reusable period underwear, set to debut in early February. Aviana, embodying the spirit of her generation, views menstruation as a natural aspect of life. She hopes their initiative will empower others to embrace menstruation without shame. This openness among young people regarding periods and environmental sustainability is indicative of a cultural shift in how menstruation is perceived and managed. The market now offers a plethora of reusable period products tailored for teens and tweens, reflecting a youth-driven movement towards eco-friendly alternatives. Michela Bedard, executive director of Period Inc., emphasizes that young menstruators are shaping a new narrative around menstruation, opting for sustainable solutions throughout their lives.

Ahead of International Women’s Day on 8 March, human rights experts highlight ongoing harmful socio-cultural norms, stigma, and misconceptions surrounding menstruation. Despite recent efforts to challenge these taboos, further action is needed to address the discrimination women and girls face globally. In many countries, menstruating women are still seen as "contaminated," facing restrictions on daily activities and sometimes being banished to sheds, risking their health and safety. Patriarchal control and stigma undermine their agency and equality. The lack of privacy, clean toilets, and sanitary products worsens the situation, particularly for those in poverty, leading to serious health risks. Stigma also delays diagnoses of painful disorders like endometriosis. Limited menstruation knowledge affects girls' well-being and education, with first menstruation often linked to marriage readiness, increasing risks of adolescent pregnancy. Experts call for global efforts to address menstrual health, transform norms, and eliminate stigma. Despite legislative efforts, harmful practices persist, highlighting the need for continued education and intervention. Organizations like the UN Trust Fund, UNFPA, and UNICEF work to support menstrual health through education, hygiene product distribution, and policy advocacy. Efforts from Bolivia to Nigeria aim to educate communities, distribute hygiene kits, and integrate menstrual hygiene into policies. Progress is being made, but more global action is needed to ensure the well-being of women and girls.

Numerous health websites suggest that the colour of menstrual blood could offer insights into a woman's overall health. However, it's essential to note that while changes in colour may indicate various health conditions, it doesn't necessarily imply a serious issue. Here's what different colours of menstrual blood might signify: Dark or Brown Colour: Natural occurrence, indicating older blood shedding from the uterine lining. Often associated with slow blood flow or post-delivery periods. Pink Colour: Usually observed during lighter blood flow at the start or end of the period cycle. The colour change results from the mixture of mucous with blood. Orange or Rusty Colour: Indicates blood mixed with cervical fluid. If persistent or accompanied by other symptoms, medical consultation is recommended. Grey or Green Colour: Unusual colours like grey or green may indicate infections. Medical consultation is advised for proper diagnosis and treatment. Black Colour: Suggests old blood or slow shedding from the uterus. In some cases, it could signal a blocked vagina, especially if accompanied by severe pain or unpleasant odour. Key Considerations: Any sudden changes in bleeding patterns warrant a medical evaluation. For individuals experiencing fertility-related issues alongside changes in bleeding colour, consulting a gynaecologist is advisable. While understanding the colour of menstrual blood can offer valuable insights into one's health, it's crucial to approach any concerns with professional medical guidance. If you notice significant changes or symptoms, don't hesitate to seek timely medical assistance for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

For far too long, periods have remained a hushed topic in the workplace, shrouded in discomfort and taboo. However, a groundbreaking initiative called The Period Conversation is striving to change that narrative by fostering open, honest discussions about menstruation and its realities. Traditionally, menstruation has been veiled in discretion and shame, evident even in the branding of period products. But with its modern, interactive campaign website, The Period Conversation heralds a new era of understanding, blending empowerment with education in a stylish presentation. This innovative project is the brainchild of design agency Nice and Serious, born out of its 'Nice Works' initiative, which encourages creative endeavors addressing significant societal issues. Partnering with the charity Bloody Good Period, the interactive platform features questions sourced from individuals who don't menstruate, answered by those who do, supplemented with insights from the charity. This format dismantles the taboo surrounding menstruation, providing valuable information in a visually engaging manner. Sadie Devane, Senior Art Director at Nice and Serious, reflects on the project's genesis, stating, "The Period Conversation started with a conversation within our team about the impact of menstrual cycles on our creative output and the challenges we faced in our professional lives." This dialogue spurred the creation of a resource aimed at initiating similar conversations in workplaces and beyond. The project's visuals intentionally adopt a gender-neutral tone, steering away from the stereotypical pink and red hues associated with period branding. Senior Designer Anna Barton explains, "We aimed for designs that are both bright and inviting yet soft and serious, mirroring the diverse conversations featured." The chosen color palette reflects the four phases of the menstrual cycle, while the graphic elements draw inspiration from the fluidity of period blood, fostering organic dialogue. Creating an inclusive campaign posed challenges, requiring rigorous testing to ensure accessibility across diverse audiences. "We prioritized inclusivity, particularly appealing to men, through language, visuals, and tone," shares Sadie. Anna Barton reflects on her pride in the project's impact, noting, "This is the most personal project I’ve worked on, turning a negative experience into something inventive." Echoing this sentiment, Sadie expresses hope that The Period Conversation will inspire companies to initiate similar dialogues, implement inclusive policies, and support employees, thereby advancing menstrual equity. Rachel Grocott, CEO at Bloody Good Period, underscores the importance of reducing period stigma, emphasizing that providing wider knowledge contributes to the collective goal of menstrual equity. The Period Conversation project stands as a beacon of progress, challenging societal norms, and paving the way for more inclusive workplaces where no one is disadvantaged because of their period.

In many parts of India, discussing menstruation remains a taboo, particularly in the presence of male family members. However, a heartening Instagram video is challenging this longstanding norm. The video features a man sensitizing his 12-year-old brother about periods, sparking a conversation that's both empowering and crucial. The viral video unfolds with the older brother driving to pick up his younger sibling on his 12th birthday. Captioned with a poignant message advocating for educating boys about menstruation, the video sets a powerful tone for breaking societal barriers. As the birthday boy enters the car, his older brother initiates the dialogue by wishing him a happy birthday. Sensing the younger brother's unfamiliarity with the concept of 'periods,' the elder sibling dives into an informative discussion, delicately explaining the menstrual cycle and its associated experiences, including the pain and discomfort women often endure. The younger brother's surprise at this revelation shows the significance of such conversations. Furthermore, the older brother takes a proactive step by demonstrating how to purchase sanitary napkins, fostering a sense of responsibility and empathy in his sibling. The video culminates with a heartfelt message from the younger brother, expressing his commitment to ensuring the safety and comfort of women in his life—a testament to the positive impact of open communication and education. Netizens flooded the comments section with words of encouragement and admiration for the siblings' initiative. One user commended the older brother for raising a gentleman, while others echoed the need for more men to follow suit in normalizing discussions around menstruation. This viral video serves as an inspiration to individuals and families to break the silence and embrace dialogue about menstruation with empathy, kindness, and acceptance. To read the full article visit: Man Educates 12-Year-Old Brother About Periods In Viral Video, Internet Says 'Normalise This' (indiatimes.com)

In India, the stigma surrounding menstruation runs deep, perpetuating discrimination and exclusion against menstruating women. Social and religious norms have long deemed periods impure, leading to women being barred from temples, kitchens, and various social gatherings. On World Menstrual Hygiene Day, acclaimed photographer Niraj Gera takes a bold step to challenge this stigma with his poignant series, "Sacred Stains." Through his lens, Gera aims to destigmatize periods, shedding light on the harsh realities faced by menstruating women in India. Despite the widespread impact of menstruation, discussions about it remain scarce. Shockingly, a study reveals that 71% of adolescent girls in India are unaware of menstruation until they experience it themselves. This lack of awareness stems from a culture of silence, where parents often fail to prepare their daughters for this inevitable biological process, leading to unnecessary fear and anxiety. Access to menstrual hygiene products presents another significant challenge. While India abolished a 12% tax on sanitary products in 2018 following extensive activism, many women still struggle to afford them. According to a study, only 36% of India's 355 million menstruating females use sanitary napkins, resorting to unsafe alternatives like rags, husk, or even mud and soil. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these issues, disrupting the production and distribution of menstrual hygiene products in India. As a result, millions of women face heightened challenges in managing their periods hygienically. Beyond India's borders, period poverty affects disadvantaged girls worldwide. Many cannot afford sanitary products, resorting to unhygienic substitutes like newspaper or socks. This reality underscores the urgent need for global action to address menstrual health and hygiene. Despite the pervasive stigma, social media has emerged as a platform for women to share their menstrual experiences. Niraj Gera advocates for leveraging this tool to spread awareness and positivity, challenging societal taboos and empowering women to embrace their bodies. Through his charity, the Humanify Foundation, Gera calls for free distribution of pads to women and girls below the poverty line in India, highlighting the economic barriers many face in accessing menstrual hygiene products. The consequences of period stigma extend beyond health implications. Studies show that millions of girls drop out of school annually due to inadequate menstrual facilities and fear of stigma. It's imperative to dismantle these barriers and normalize conversations about menstruation to ensure every woman's right to dignity and education. Niraj Gera emphasizes the need to break the silence surrounding menstruation, advocating for a transformative dialogue that celebrates the natural process of menstruation and empowers women across the globe. "Talking is all it takes to begin a transformation," he asserts. "And it's time we did it."

In a country where menstruation is shrouded in stigma and secrecy, a simple yet powerful initiative is challenging societal norms and empowering women to reclaim their bodily autonomy. The introduction of "period charts" in homes across India is not only revolutionizing how women track their menstrual cycles but also sparking vital conversations that dismantle taboos surrounding menstruation. Supriya Verma, a resident of Kanwari village in Haryana, attests to the transformative impact of these charts. With women in 35 homes in her village proudly displaying their menstrual charts, a culture of openness and understanding has blossomed. These charts serve as more than just tracking tools; they facilitate candid discussions about menstrual health and well-being, breaking down barriers of shame and discomfort. Gone are the days of silently enduring pain and discomfort during menstruation. Families now recognize and respect a woman's need for rest and comfort during her period, a small yet significant shift in attitude fostered by the visibility of period charts. For Supriya, this newfound consideration from her family signifies a tangible change in how menstruation is perceived and managed within her household. The concept of period charts emerged from the visionary mind of Sunil Jaglan, director of the Selfie with Daughter Foundation, known for his pioneering efforts to promote gender equality. Recognizing the need for open dialogue about menstruation, Jaglan initiated the period chart campaign, drawing inspiration from his own journey as a father navigating conversations about menstruation with his daughters. Since its inception, the campaign has gained momentum, spreading to seven Indian states and garnering participation from approximately 1,000 women. Despite facing resistance and criticism, particularly from male detractors, the campaign continues to thrive, buoyed by the determination of women like Priyanka Verma, who defiantly stood her ground in the face of opposition. Today, the demand for period charts is on the rise, signaling a growing acceptance and normalization of menstruation as a natural biological process. Jaglan's efforts extend beyond distributing charts; he conducts online workshops and community gatherings to educate women about menstrual health and hygiene, providing them with the knowledge and tools to navigate their menstrual cycles confidently. Anju Panghaal from Mandkola village echoes the sentiments of countless women across India who have long grappled with the silence and shame surrounding menstruation. By embracing period charts, Anju and others are reclaiming their agency and challenging age-old taboos that have dictated their lives for far too long. As period charts adorn the walls of homes across India, they serve as symbols of resilience, empowerment, and progress. With each chart proudly displayed, another taboo is shattered, paving the way for a more inclusive and enlightened society where menstruation is no longer whispered in hushed tones but celebrated as a natural and integral part of womanhood.

In India's rural heartlands, a pervasive culture of social exclusion and a dearth of menstrual education perpetuate a vicious cycle of stigma, shame, and ignorance surrounding menstruation. As a result, many young girls are forced to drop out of school or endure ostracization during their monthly cycles, exacerbating gender inequalities in education and perpetuating harmful societal norms. A recent study by UNICEF revealed that a staggering 71% of adolescent girls in India remain unaware of menstruation until they experience it firsthand, often resulting in school dropout rates. Another report by the NGO Dasra underscored the dire consequences of inadequate menstrual hygiene management facilities, with 23 million girls dropping out of school annually due to a lack of access to sanitary products and comprehensive menstrual education. Public health experts, NGOs, and community leaders working in this field highlight a myriad of challenges contributing to the menstrual health crisis in India. Vandana Prasad, a community pediatrician, laments the absence of accurate and comprehensive information about menstruation, which often leaves young girls feeling anxious and uninformed. Furthermore, entrenched social taboos and discriminatory practices, such as denying girls access to certain spaces and foods during their periods, perpetuate shame and embarrassment surrounding menstruation. The challenges extend beyond education to access to menstrual products, exacerbating the physical and psychological burdens faced by girls. Anju Panghaal from Mandkola village describes the immense struggle girls face in obtaining sanitary pads and maintaining hygiene, underscoring the additional burdens imposed on marginalized communities. Jaya Velankar, director of Jagori, emphasizes the dual fears that drive girls out of school once they begin menstruating: the fear of sexual violence and the fear of inter-caste relationships. These fears, deeply rooted in societal norms and prejudices, further entrench the culture of silence and stigma surrounding menstruation. Experts advocate for age-appropriate, standardized sex education as a critical solution to combat menstrual stigma and empower girls with accurate information about their bodies. However, resistance from governments and societal norms pose significant barriers to implementing comprehensive sex education programs. Despite these challenges, advocates remain hopeful for change. Guneet Monga, Oscar-winning film producer, urges stakeholders to continue dialogue and advocacy efforts to dismantle menstrual stigma and support girls' education. Initiatives like involving boys in menstrual education and providing affordable menstrual products offer glimpses of hope for a future where menstruation is no longer a barrier to girls' education and empowerment. Anshu Gupta, founder of Goonj, stresses the importance of reimagining menstrual hygiene through a lens of access, affordability, and awareness. By addressing these fundamental challenges, Gupta believes that India can move closer to achieving menstrual equity and ensuring every girl can attend school without fear or shame.

In recent years, India has emerged as a key player in advancing menstrual health and hygiene (MHH). Since the National Health Mission in 2011, significant strides have been made, particularly with the integration of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) into initiatives like the 'Swachh Bharat Mission' and MHM guidelines for schools. The fifth National Family Health Survey showed a notable increase in the use of safe period products among educated women. State-specific schemes like Maharashtra's 'Asmita Yojana' and Kerala's 'She Pad' have further improved access to sanitary napkins for adolescent girls. However, challenges remain. Social taboos continue to restrict girls' and women's lives, leading to practices like menstrual segregation and limited access to sanitation facilities. Incidents such as the killing of a 12-year-old girl in Maharashtra due to menstrual misconceptions highlight the need for education targeting boys and men. Progress on menstrual leave policies is slow, with only Kerala and Bihar implementing them. Women in the informal sector face additional barriers, including lack of access to washrooms and affordable hygiene products. A holistic approach is needed to advance menstrual health in India. This includes supporting marginalized groups, promoting eco-friendly alternatives, addressing menstrual waste disposal, and advocating for menstrual rights. Comprehensive sex education and workplace support for menopausal women are also essential. As India commemorates Menstrual Hygiene Day, it must acknowledge the long road ahead to end period poverty and ensure menstrual equity for all. Prioritizing menstrual health as a fundamental human right can pave the way for a more inclusive and empowered future for all menstruators.